Why Modern Cosmology is Likely Mistaken About the Cause of Redshift
Challenging the Expansion Theory: Rethinking Redshift Causes
Modern cosmology asserts that the redshift of spectral lines occurs due to the expansion of the universe.
However, there are several arguments that call this explanation into question.
Argument 1 - Energy Required for Space Expansion
For space to expand, an enormous amount of energy must be supplied. Imagine how much energy it would take to push galaxies or even galaxy clusters apart. If the universe were truly expanding, the source of this energy would need to be incredibly powerful and constant. The question of where this energy comes from remains unanswered within the framework of the standard cosmological model.
Argument 2 - The Lambda Term in General Relativity
The lambda term in the equation of General Relativity likely points in the wrong direction for the theoretical explanation of redshift. In the Newtonian approximation, this constant can be interpreted as an element of the screened Poisson equation. This yields a completely different result when solving this equation
Adding the exponential component means that at large distances, the force should decay exponentially. However, Hubble's law implies a linear change in redshift, not an exponential one. This discrepancy casts doubt on the correctness of using the lambda term to explain the observed phenomenon.
Argument 3 - Expansion from a Singular State
The idea that the universe expands from one singular state to another also raises doubts. Transitioning from an ultra-dense, compressed state to infinity seems too simplistic and unrealistic. This explanation sounds more like a fairy tale than a scientific theory.
Alternative Explanation due to Gravitational Potential Change and Photon Movement
Instead of space expanding, redshift can be explained by photons moving in the gravitational potential of the universe, which changes slowly. This allows us to consider the movement of a photon in terms of diffusion. When we solve the following diffusion equation:
for the red shift we get:
where z_G - is a red shift, D - is a diffusion coefficient with value about 1x10^32 [m^2/s], G - gravitational constant, \rho_0 - average density of the Universe, c^2 - square of the speed of light, H_0 - Hubble constant, \Delta t = amount of time a photon travels.
It provides a more plausible explanation for redshift without the need to invoke space expansion.
Conclusion
Redshift of spectral lines, traditionally explained by the expansion of the universe, may have alternative explanations that do not require enormous energy expenditures and do not rely on questionable components in the equations of relativity theory. Considering the movement of photons in the changing gravitational potential of the universe may offer a more logical and realistic explanation of this phenomenon.